Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3675 Meldon Burn, Peeblesshire (White Meldon)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

Scroll left/right to view further images.

HER:  Scottish Borders 51531 (None)

NMR:  NT 24 SW 15 (51531)

SM:  3165

NGR:  NT 2140 4290

X:  321400  Y:  642900  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort or fortified settlement occupies a shelf near the foot of the steep and boulder-strewn W flank of the White Meldon, capitalising upon an escarpment that forms the leading edge of the shelf above the E bank of the Meldon Burn to enhance the defences of its W flank. Oval on plan it measures about 68m from N to S by 52m transversely (0.31ha) within a single rampart 3.6m in thickness by up to 2.1m in height, which has long runs of outer face visible, at one point on the SSE still standing 0.7m high. An external ditch some 6m in breadth by 1.8m in depth has been cut around the uphill side on the E and has evidently been carried round the N flank and onto the escarpment on the W. One entrance lies on the NNE, with a clear causeway across the ditch, and there was probably a second on the S. No contemporary features are visible within the interior, over half of which is occupied by a scooped settlement, the construction of which is probably responsible for the mutilation of the earlier defences on the SSW. The settlement measures about 50m from N to S by 35m transversely within a wall that incorporates the earlier perimeter on the W, and the interior has been dug in deeply on the E. Various walls dividing the space between the settlement and the earlier defences on the E, a trackway that approaches from the N, and a series of small fields that overlie the ditch on the SSE, probably relate to the late Iron Age occupation of the scooped settlement.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -361935  Y:  7493642  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.2513218980864322  Latitude:  55.67324846719273  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Scottish Borders

Historic County:  Peeblesshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Peebles

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✓
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✓
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✓
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✓
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✗

Altitude:  251.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Overlain by a late Iron Age settlement enclosure

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Photographed by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 1980, 1991, 1994 and 2010

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1955):   Description for the RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Lands (1951-5)
Earthwork Survey (1959):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1967, 188, no.446, fig 201; PBD 214/1-2)
1st Identified Map Depiction (1962):   Visited by the OS
Other (1972):   Scheduled
Other (1974):   Visited by the OS

Interior Features

Largely occupied by a large scooped settlement

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Scooped settlement

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

Scooped settlement

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✓

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North east):   None
2. Simple Gap (South):   None

Enclosing Works

Single rampart with a broad ditch around the uphill side

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.31ha.
Total:   0.31ha.

Total Footprint Area:  0.53ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   The scooped settlement is dug into the interior and incorporates the earlier perimeter into its wall on the W

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   Omits the wall of the scooped settlement

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✓
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✓
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

RCAHMS (1967) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Peeblesshire: an inventory of the ancient monuments, 2v. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


Document Version 1.1