Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3708 Maiden Castle, Midlothian

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Midlothian per East Lothian Council MEL8107 (None)

NMR:  NT 26 SE 17 (51806)

SM:  None

NGR:  NT 2867 6440

X:  328670  Y:  664400  (OSGB36)

Summary

This small fortification occupies a promontory formed in a particularly extreme meander of the River North-esk, which has created a long spur low down within the gorge. While the SW flank of the spur is simply steep, the NE flank is precipitous, dropping some 20m to the river, and thus lending itself to fortification by the simple expedient of drawing twin ramparts with a medial ditch across the neck on the NW. The outer rampart is presently the more substantial, still standing 1.7m high externally, and though the inner is no more than 0.3m in height, it stands 1.8m above the bottom of the ditch, which is some 7.5m in breadth. There is a possible entrance towards the NE end of the defences, though this gap may be where a hollowed trackway that can be seen mounting the SE end of the promontory passed on up the spur. No trace of any defences can be seen at the SE end, where, apart from the trackway, a quarry has been excavated across the spine of the promontory. The interior, which is otherwise featureless, measures about 135m in length and ranges in breadth from 45m at the NW end to 22m in the central sector, before tapering to a point beyond the quarry on the SE (0.25ha).

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -349697  Y:  7532087  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.1413833831616116  Latitude:  55.867515802131905  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Midlothian

Historic County:  Midlothian

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Lasswade

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✓
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✓
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✓
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✓
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  90.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   According to RCAHMS investigators in 1956, cultivated in the post-medieval period; a quarry dug across into the SE end

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Named as a topographical feature on the 1st edition OS 6-inch map (Edinburghshire 1854, sheet 13)

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1843):   Noted (NSA, 1, Edinburgshire, 351-2)
Other (1927):   Description (RCAHMS 1929, 117, no.148)
1st Identified Map Depiction (1954):   Visited by the OS
Earthwork Survey (1956):   Plan and description for RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Lands (RCAHMS DC31571-2 & DP149858-9)
Other (1983):   Visited by RCAHMS
Geophysical Survey (2006):   Edinburgh Archaeological Field Society, sponsored by Esk Valley Trust (Hawkins 2006a & b)
Geophysical Survey (2007):   Edinburgh Archaeological Field Society, sponsored by Esk Valley Trust (Hawkins 2007)

Interior Features

Featureless

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

Obscured by trees

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North west):   None

Enclosing Works

Twin ramparts with a medial ditch cutting off a promontory

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.25ha.
Total:   0.25ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✓
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Hawkins, I (2006a) Geophysical Survey of Maiden Castle, Polton, Lasswade, Midlothian. Unpublished report

Hawkins, I (2006b) 'Maiden Castle, Midlothian (Lasswade parish), geophysical survey'. Disc Exc Scot, New Ser, 7, 2006, 105-6, fig 30

Hawkins, I (2007) 'Maiden Castle, Midlothian (Lasswade parish), ground resistance survey'. Disc Exc Scot, New Ser, 8 (2007), 129-30, fig

NSA (1834-1845) The new statistical account of Scotland by the ministers of the respective parishes under the superintendence of a committee of the society for the benefit of the sons and daughters of the clergy.

RCAHMS (1929) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Tenth report with Inventory of Monuments and Constructions in the Counties of Midlothian and West Lothian. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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