Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3723 Unst, Blue Mull, Shetland

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  Shetland Amenity Trust 126 (None)

NMR:  HP 50 SE 19 (38)

SM:  None

NGR:  HP 5583 0423

X:  455832  Y:  1204234  (OSGB36)

Summary

The Blue Mull lies at the N end of the sound separating the islands of Unst and Yell, forming the large headland on the E side of its mouth. The headland rises out of a gully formed along a geological faultline lying obliquely N and S across its neck, creating a natural enclosure which expands NNW from a sharp angle where the gully cuts through to the coastal cliffs on the W. Here the footings of a cluster of seven sub-rectangular buildings are visible, while the remains of a bank or wall can be traced along the lip of the gully for a distance of 280m, cutting off an area measuring some 350m in length by up to 325m in breadth on the NNW above the rocky coastal edge (8.2ha). While the cluster of buildings has been interpreted as a probable Norse monastic site (Lamb 1973, 78, 84, 85; 1976, 145, 152), most investigators have considered the enclosure to be a more recent agricultural dyke (RCAHMS 1946, 140, no.1576), though this has yet to be demonstrated by excavation, or indeed whether an earlier perimeter lies beneath the visible bank. There is certainly evidence of later activity on the headland, demonstrated by the old lime kiln marked on the 1st edition OS 6-inch map at the seaward end (HP 5577 0464; Shetland 1882, sheet 5), the traces of peat cuttings all over its raised central spine, and perhaps including the track that ascends the W side of the gully about 100m from the S tip of the enclosure bank. The only other features noted within the interior are two low mounds observed in 1930 by RCAHMS investigators, though in 1969 the OS surveyor was unable to locate them.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Unconfirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Unconfirmed

Location

X:  -108933  Y:  8561239  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -0.9785630649559269  Latitude:  60.71747792789812  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Shetland Islands

Historic County:  Shetland

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Unst

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✓
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✓
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✓
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  68.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Probable Norse buildings imply an early medieval occupation

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✓
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Morphology/Earthwork/Typology:   Norse Buildings

Investigation History

None

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1774):   Noted by George Low (1879, 157)
Other (1822):   Noted by Samuel Hibbert (1822, 398)
Other (1930):   Description (RCAHMS 1946, 140, no.1576)
1st Identified Map Depiction (1969):   Surveyed at 1:10,000 by the OS
Other (1971):   Description and photographs by Raymond Lamb (1973, 78, 84, 85; 1976, 145, 152)
Other (1997):   Description for the Unst Chapel-Sites Survey (GUARD 2000; RCAHMS MS 725/253-4)

Interior Features

Footings of seven sub-rectangular buildings

Water Source

Unquestionably pools in the peat cover

Source:
None   ✗
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✓

Surface

Footings of seven sub-rectangular buildings, and at the seaward end what has been noted as an old limekiln

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✓
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

Not known

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Uncertain whether the track makes use of an original entrance

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

Single bank set along the crest of the slope above a gully at the neck

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   8.2ha.
Total:   8.2ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   0
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✓
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✗   None

References

Hibbert, S (1822) A Description of the Shetland Islands. Edinburgh

Lamb, R G (1973) 'Coastal settlements of the north'. Scot Archaeol Forum 5 (1973), 76-98

Lamb, R G (1976) 'The Burri Stacks of Culswick, Shetland, and other paired stack-settlements'.

Proc Soc Antiq Scot 107 (1975-6), 144-54

Low, G (1879) A Tour through the Islands of Orkney and Schetland in 1774, in Anderson, J Kirkwall

RCAHMS (1946) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Twelfth report with an inventory of the ancient monuments of Orkney and Shetland, 3v. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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