Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3765 Hodge Cairn, Midlothian (Brockhouse; Hodge Cairn, Shank Wood, Brockhouse Burn)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Scottish Borders 54654 (None)

NMR:  NT 45 SW 6 (54654)

SM:  1171

NGR:  NT 4190 5140

X:  341900  Y:  651400  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort occupies a steep-sided hillock on the SE spur of White Hill, which forms a ridge separating the valley of the Brockhouse Burn on the SW from the Gala Water on the NE. Contained largely within a stone plantation dyke, the fort is now free of trees, which were evidently planted over a rash of small quarry-pits which pockmark the whole of the interior and the defences. Apart from these, the oval interior is featureless and measures about 110m from ENE to WSW by 76m transversely (0.69ha) within twin ramparts with a broad medial ditch; where best preserved on the N the inner rampart stands 1.2m high internally and 4.5m above the bottom of the ditch. In addition to these defences within the plantation wall, Getmapping satellite imagery (2015) indicates a possible ploughed-out outer ditch on the SW, mounting the slope out of a natural gully that flanks SE side of the fort, and presumably extending round the easiest line of approach across the spur from the NW. Aerial photography also shows several gaps in the ramparts, but most are probably the result of quarrying and the only one that appears to be original is accompanied by a causeway across the ditch on the E.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -325858  Y:  7509303  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.927228170717536  Latitude:  55.75250286601822  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Scottish Borders

Historic County:  Midlothian

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Stow

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Planted with mixed woodland in the early 19th century but now cleared

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✓
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✓
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  292.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Heavily quarried and planted with trees in the early 19th century

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Photographed by Mike Brooks of Historic Scotland in 1980, and by John Dent in 1991, and the RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 1981, 1989, 1993, 2007, 2008 and 2009

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1773):   Concentric ring on a hill symbol on Mostyn Armstrong's Map of the three Lothians (1773)
Other (1821):   Annotated Old Camp on John Thomson's map of Edinburgh Shire (1821)
Other (1853):   Annotated Camp on the 1st edition OS 6-inch map (Edinburghshire 1854, sheet 23)
Other (1894):   Description by David Christison, base upon a visit by James Wilson (Christison 1895, 119-20)
Other (1913):   Description (RCAHMS 1929, 170, no.235 )
Other (1935):   Scheduled
Other (1954):   Visited during the RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Lands (Feachem 1963, )
Other (1965):   Resurveyed at 1:2500 by the OS
Other (1975):   Visited by the OS

Interior Features

Pockmarked with later quarry-pits

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
4:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (East):   None

Enclosing Works

Twin ramparts with a medial ditch, but possibly accompanied by an outer ditch on the NW

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.69ha.
Total:   0.69ha.

Total Footprint Area:  1.2ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   This measurement of the overall footprint omits the possible outer ditch on the SW

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✓
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   There is possibly a second ditch on the most easily accessible side

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Christison, D (1895) 'The forts of Selkirk, the Gala Water, the Southern slopes of the Lammermoors, and the north of Roxburgh'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 29 (1894-50), 108-79

Feachem, R (1963) A guide to prehistoric Scotland. Batsford: London

RCAHMS (1929) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Tenth report with Inventory of Monuments and Constructions in the Counties of Midlothian and West Lothian. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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