Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3788 Seton Mains, East Lothian

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  East Lothian Council MEL505 (None)

NMR:  NT 47 NW 19 (54928)

SM:  6191

NGR:  NT 4250 7536

X:  342505  Y:  675369  (OSGB36)

Summary

The site of this fort or fortified settlement lies on the W side of the gully of the minor burn that formerly fed the mill in the old steading at Seton Mains, which lay to the SE and has now been largely developed for residential housing. Protected by Scheduling, and subject to several evaluations around its edges, the site of the fort remains undeveloped, albeit that it partly lies within garden ground. Nothing can be seen of its defences on the ground, but cropmarks reveal that its principal line of defence was a ditch between 4m and 7m in breadth, presumably accompanied by an internal rampart. On the NNW the ditch extends in a straight line from the edge of the gully before turning S and then doglegging outwards to form the N side of an entrance causeway about 7m broad; from the S side of the causeway the ditch returns ESE to the edge of the gully, quickly expanding to its broadest span. On plan, the enclosure is thus roughly D-shaped on plan, backing onto the gully on the E and measuring about 100m along the chord by a maximum of 90m transversely (0.7ha) within the ditch. The interior will have been rather smaller, perhaps roughly matching the area enclosed by a palisade trench set some 4m within the ditch on the NNW, and 7m on the S, and taking in about 0.5ha; the relationship between the ditch and the palisade trench is unknown, and while they are roughly concentric along the flanks, the palisade evidently did not follow the more elaborate path of the ditch at the entrance. Other evidence, however, indicates a complex sequence of occupation and enclosure here, for the palisade trench intersects one timber round-house that lies in the entrance to the ditched enclosure and encloses at least two others. Furthermore, there are traces of the perimeters of at least two smaller enclosures within the interior, one an arc of ditch up to 2m broad on the W and S, and the other a pair of palisade trenches on the NNW. These latter are set at much the same interval as the tractor marks in the field, but while they might be modern features, they can also be detected on photographs taken 15 years apart.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -325351  Y:  7552030  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.9226801783004572  Latitude:  55.96791053776491  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  East Lothian

Historic County:  East Lothian

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Tranent

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✗
Cropmark   ✓
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✓
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✓
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✓
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✓
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✓
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  25.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Ploughed flat

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Photographed by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 1976, 1979, 1990, 1994 and 1996 1995

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1976):   First photographed by the RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme
Earthwork Survey (1994):   Plot of environs prior to Scheduling (CFA 1994)
Other (1995):   Evaluations in the immediate vicinity (Alexander 1995)
Other (2011):   Evaluation in the vicinity by AOC Archaeology (Dunbar 2011)

Interior Features

Traces of palisade trenches and a ditch representing at least two phases of enclosure are visible within the interior, together with several timber round-houses, two defined by ring-rooves and one by a macula with possibly a concentric ring-groove

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

Round-houses and palisades in a multiperiod sequence

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✓
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✓

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   The whole perimeter is ploughed flat

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (West):   While the entrance has been elaborated by the dogleg in the ditch, the ditch terminals are directly opposed

Enclosing Works

Single broad ditch, presumably with an upcast rampart, but also with a partly concentric internal palisade trench and evidence of at least two other enclosures

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.5ha.
Total:   0.5ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   The internal palisade trench intersects one of the round-houses. Its lack of concentricity to the ditch at the entrance may indicate it is of different date.

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

Not visible on the surface; palisade trenches revealed by cropmarks in a multiperiod sequence

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✓
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Alexander, D (1995) 'Seton mains (Tranent parish), later prehistoric enclosure'. Disc Exc Scot (1995), 51-52

CFA (1994j) 'Seton Mains (Tranent parish): later prehistoric enclosure'. Disc Exc Scot (1994), 47

Dunbar, L (2011) «Stepping Stones». Seton Mains, Longniddry, East Lothian (Tranent parish), evaluation'. Disc Exc Scot, New Ser, 12 (2011), 69



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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