Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3905 Pleasants, East Lothian

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  East Lothian Council MEL1543 (None)

NMR:  NT 67 NE 47 (57650)

SM:  5761

NGR:  NT 6586 7549

X:  365869  Y:  675492  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort, which is known only from cropmarks, is situated on the low hill to the SW of Pleasants, occupying the gentle slope dropping down from the crest of the hill on the W to the lip of a steep escarpment above a tributary of the Spott Burn on the S and W. No defences are visible along the edge of this escarpment, but elsewhere the cropmarks reveal a complex arrangement of ditches which probably represent several periods of construction. At its core a belt of three concentric ditches encloses a roughly oval area measuring about 110m from E to W by 60m transversely (0.58ha), and allowing for the presence of an inner rampart on the N and E the interior would have extended to about 0.49ha. The belt of ditches is some 23m deep, the inner and middle ones measuring between 4m and 5m in breadth and the outermost rather less. A fourth ditch on the W also appears concentric, but diverges westwards, probably following the line of the outermost enclosure. The latter is on an altogether larger scale, with a ditch up to 6m in breadth pursuing a sinuous course to take in an overall area measuring about 185m from E to W by 100m transversely, and area of some 1.8ha. Towards the W end of its course, the ditch appears to bifurcates, continuing as double ditches and likely to represent two periods of construction; the fourth ditch also seems to join the general line at this point, though the cropmarks are too diffuse to be certain, and it is from adjacent this same place that a narrow ditch extends WNW across the field for a distance of about 90m, forming a triangular enclosure of about 0.28ha between the edge of the escarpment and the outermost defences of the fort; the ditch terminates just short of the fort defences, implying the presence of a broad entrance, but it is unclear whether this formed an annexe to the fort or was merely utilising its outer rampart as a convenient boundary. No entrances are visible into the fort itself, and apart from what appears to be a small quarry set immediately behind the innermost rampart at the E end, the interior is featureless.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -283688  Y:  7552694  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.5484127826889353  Latitude:  55.971248942780115  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  East Lothian

Historic County:  East Lothian

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Spott

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✗
Cropmark   ✓
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✓
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✓
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✓

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✓
Hillslope   ✓
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✓
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✗

Altitude:  85.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   A small quarry seems to have been dug into the interior immediately to the rear of the rampart on the E before the earthworks were ploughed down

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Photographed by CUCAP in 1955, 1960, 1974 and 1975, by John Dewar in 1975 (held by RCAHMS), and by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 1978, 1981, 1990, 1995, 1999, 2000, 2013 and 2014

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1955):   First photographed by CUCAP (St Joseph 1967, 148)
1st Identified Map Depiction (1966):   Visited by the OS
Other (1993):   Scheduled

Interior Features

Featureless apart from what is probably a more recent quarry

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

Probable quarry

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✓

Entrances

None known

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
0:   Levelled by cultivation

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None known

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

Up to five ditches, but probably representing several periods of construction, backing onto the edge of a stream gully

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.49ha.
Area 2:   1.8ha.
Total:   1.8ha.

Total Footprint Area:  2.0ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   The outermost enclosure almost certainly represents two periods of construction, indicated by the way it bifurcates, but the inner belt of three ditches probably represents a separate phase too

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   5
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   5
Total:   5

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✓
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✓
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✓
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  5

Annex:
✓   Conceivably the triangular enclosure is some form of annexe, though it might well be no more than a later agricultural enclosure, but the scale of the outer ditch of the fort defences indicates that this was probably a free-standing fortification rather than simply an annexe to the inner enclosure.

References

St Joseph, J K (1967) 'Air reconnaissance: recent results, 10'. Antiquity 41 (1967), 148-9



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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