Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC4034 Gordon Castle, Bogle Plantation, Berwickshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Scottish Borders 57387 (None)

NMR:  NT 64 SW 6 (57387)

SM:  None

NGR:  NT 6456 4375

X:  364560  Y:  643750  (OSGB36)

Summary

What is probably a fort is situated on the knoll immediately N of the disused railway line on the W side of the bridge carrying the A6089 public road northwards out of the village of Gordon. Traces of the defences, which were traditionally held to be a seat of the 'ancestors of the Duke of Gordon' (NSA, ii, Berwickshire, 34), remained visible into 19th century, but their character has only been revealed more recently by cropmarks in the field to the W of what was formerly Bogle Plantation. These show two ditches forming the NW half of an oval enclosure measuring internally up to 120m from NNE to SSW by at least 35m transversely, and possibly as much as 50m on the basis of the projected circuit and the contours within the old plantation; making some allowance for an inner rampart the interior may have enclosed about 0.35ha. The ditches are most clearly defined at the SW end where the outer ditch turns sharply out to either side of the causeway and unites with a third ditch, which can be traced for a short distance to either side, apparently on a convergent line. There is no corresponding gap in the rather broader innermost ditch, but at this point any trace of its terminals are lost in a large, almost square, macula. An isolated linear mark outside the defences on the N does not seem to be part of the fort and may be no more than an old trackway climbing the slope and appearing intermittently across the field to the W. Several irregular maculae are visible within the interior but their precise character is uncertain. While the features of the entrance are unusual there is no compelling reason to identify them as castle works, and in any case the Gordon's may have reoccupied an earlier fortification.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -285560  Y:  7496152  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.565233524381658  Latitude:  55.68596230909623  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Scottish Borders

Historic County:  Berwickshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Gordon

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✗
Cropmark   ✓
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✓
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✓
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✓
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  175.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Ploughed down and incorporated into a small plantation, this earthwork was traditionally held to be the site of a residence of the Dukes of Gordon

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

A concentric ring symbol shown on Andrew and Mostyn Armstrong's Map of the County of Berwick (1771) to the NE of Gordon near a place called Castles has no known correlate and is possibly an attempt to represent this earthwork, which was evidently well-known in the district, with a castle association.

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1834):   Noted (NSA, ii, Berwickshire, 34)
1st Identified Map Depiction (1858):   Named in Gothic type on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Berwick 1862, sheet 27.1; Name Book, Berwickshire, No.22, p38)
Other (1955):   Visited by the OS
Other (1979):   Visited by RCAHMS
Other (1989):   First photographed by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme
Other (1990):   Photographed by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme

Interior Features

Several irregular maculae

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

Several irregular maculae

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✓

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Passage-way/Corridor (South west):   The two outer ditches unite to either side of the causeway

Enclosing Works

At least two ditches, presumably with upcast ramparts, and an additional ditch at the entrance

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.35ha.
Total:   0.35ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   3
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✓
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✓
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✓
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   With a third for a short distance to either side of the entrance

Number of Ditches:  2

Annex:
✗   None

References

Name Book, Ordnance Survey Object Name Books (6 inch and 1/2500 scale); available https://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/

NSA (1834-1845) The new statistical account of Scotland by the ministers of the respective parishes under the superintendence of a committee of the society for the benefit of the sons and daughters of the clergy.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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