Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC4048 Belchester, Berwickshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Scottish Borders 58523 (None)

NMR:  NT 74 SE 12 (58523)

SM:  4547

NGR:  NT 7925 4350

X:  379250  Y:  643500  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort is situated immediately W of the policies of Belchester House, but rather than occupying the very summit of this low rounded hill, its defences take in a slightly lower shelf forming the NW shoulder, and while the ground falls away a little more steeply along the NW flank, it has proved easily accessible to ploughmen. Consequently the whole of the NW flank and the NE end have been levelled by rig-and-furrow cultivation, the rigs curling into the interior from W to E and preserving elements of the SW end and the SE flank under the headlands of the furlongs. Oval on plan, the interior has measured about 170m from NE to SW by possibly as much as 80m transversely (1.1ha), and while the inner rampart has been obscured by features of the ploughing, a ditch some 10m in breadth and a counterscarp rampart spread some 8.5m thick by 0.4m high are clearly visible at the SW end and along the SE flank, where the counterscarp has been subsumed into the headland of an adjacent furlong. An old pond has been dug into the bottom of the ditch on the S, and though James Hewat Craw's plan drawn up about 1912 shows a gap in the perimeter on its NW side, the position of the original entrance is unknown.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -259550  Y:  7495877  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.331574053657838  Latitude:  55.68456925087927  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Scottish Borders

Historic County:  Berwickshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Eccles

Monument Condition

Partly ploughed out

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✓

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✓
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

On the shoulder below the summit of a low hill dropping away along the NW

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  70.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Ploughed down in a rig-system

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

None

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1771):   Concentric ring symbol on Andrew and Mostyn Armstrong's Map of the County of Berwick (1771)
Other (1858):   Annotated Camp on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Berwick 1862, sheet 28.3)
Other (1908):   Description (RCAHMS 1909, 26, no.133)
Earthwork Survey (1912):   Plan by James Hewat Craw and description (RCAHMS 1915, 78-9, no.141, fig 75; RCAHMS BWD 12/1)
Other (1955):   Visited by the OS
Other (1966):   Resurveyed at 1:2500 by the OS
Other (1979):   Description by RCAHMS
Other (1988):   Scheduled
Other (2008):   Photographed by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme

Interior Features

Ploughed with rig-and-furrow and also subsequently improved

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   Large sectors on the NW and NE have been levelled by ploughing, and there is a gap adjacent a dug hollow on the S

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Not known

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

Twin ramparts with a medial ditch, though the scheduling document also claims traces of an outer ditch on the NE

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   1.1ha.
Total:   1.1ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   0
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✓
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   The Scheduling document also claims a second ditch on the NE

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

RCAHMS (1909) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. First report and Inventory of Monuments and Constructions in the County of Berwick. HMSO: Edinburgh.

RCAHMS (1915) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Sixth report and Inventory of Monuments and Constructions in the County of Berwick (Revised Issue). HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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